Day 6 in Beijing
Trip to the Summer Palace.
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Entrance to the Summer Palace and
Crowds of People |
The subway in Beijing is amazing. It works
great and covers huge distances. We took it long distance this time to visit
the ‘ancient’ Summer Palace, another Imperial show piece from years gone by.
Well, almost ancient!
Everything within the gardens and palaces
is rebuilt; fixed up or "new". If there are ancient
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The Main Building |
buildings I did not see
them. The park is huge. When we arrived, we just followed the crowds. It being a Sunday, the crowd was quite
impressive. As soon as we entered the gate, crowds moved towards a hill filled
with temple buildings and small to medium sized castles. The whole compound is
set on the hill side with stairs, stairs, and stairs. I made it to the top but
it was not worth it, on the top was a
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More and More Stairs and Crowds |
wall. I walked up the wrong side of the
hill. I could not figure out a way to circumvent the wall.
So down the hill we went and took a winding
path through the woods that meanders around the hill. (That sounds romantic but
it was way too busy with people everywhere to be romantic). We were not alone
mind you. Families with baby carriages or toddlers in their arms were our
companions. The path was filled with folks.
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Part of the Main Building |
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Beautiful Art Work on the
Roof Lines |
I noticed that Chinese talk loudly,
especially while being on a cell phone. And with the one child policy each
child is an Emperor or Empress to their parents. They dote over their
offspring as if this child will save their life in the future. It was a family
outing for most, just walking in the park. Like always in China, there is a crowd.
It is hard to get away from people. No matter where you go, there is
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Another Crooked Bridge to Prevent the
Evil Spirits From Crossing |
somebody
there. I don’t think the Chinese are even aware of it, but for a Westerner this
is obvious but maybe not so consciously obvious. I found it disturbing, the
people got on my nerves; their behavior, their pushiness, their spitting on the
ground, and their loudness simply got to me. I think I have been in China too
long already. I am not used to being in close contact with other bodies, with
noise all the time.
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Stone Bridge |
The actual park you want me to talk about?
It was a retreat for the royals for the hot summer months that can be very hot
in Beijing. The Park and Palace were started in 1750 and destroyed many times;
mostly by the 2 Anglo/French Opium wars. Even the restorations done by Empress
Cixi of the Qing Dynasty in 1888, on which she spent the whole Navy Budget for the
year (and ultimately lost to the Japanese because if it), were again destroyed
by the 8 Powers of the Colonial forces in 1900.
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Map Shows Proximity of
Mongolia to Beijing |
The park has about 3000 structures, and a
hand dug, huge lake on which the Empress watched ‘war’ displays arranged for
her by the Navy, while she sat on her marble Steam Ship Replica on the shore
line sipping tea. The whole 742 acre park was set up for the pleasures of Cixi,
the notorious Empress who ruled from behind a screen and wielded the true
powers of China.
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Empress Cixi's Marble Steamboat Replica
on the Hand Dug Lake at the Summer Palace
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She was the last breath of true power in
China. She was a capable, but mired in tradition, ruler. Here is an account of
her life in a very condensed form: The Summer Palace was actually her Palace.
She was born on November 28th of 1835, surnamed Yehe Nala.
In 1851, she was selected as a beauty into the Palace. Due to the favor of
Emperor Xianfeng, she was honored as a high-ranked Imperial Concubine, with the
title of Yipin.
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Stained Glass In the Marble Ship Casts
Coloured Shadows on the Floor |
In 1854, she was given a higher rank, with the title changed to Yi
Guifei.
In 1856, she gave birth to Zaichun who later became Emperor Tongzhi.
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Empress Cixi
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Dragon Boats on the Hand Dug Lake |
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Dragon Boat Tied to the Dock |
In 1861, the Second Opium War broke out. After Emperor Xianfeng died in
August, her son ascended the throne as Emperor Tongzhi, who honored his
mother as 'Holy Mother Empress Dowager'. In November, along with Prince Gong
(brother-in-law of Cixi), she launched a coup in which the eight
chancellors were dismissed or killed. As a result, she became the real
power by keeping court from behind a screen.
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Tail of the Dragon?
(Oh Oh, Bad Pun) |
In 1862, she was given the title of Empress Dowager Cixi by Emperor
Tongzhi (Actually, she gave the title to herself through Emperor Tongzhi's
prescript).
In 1873, as Emperor Tongzhi had grown up, she appeared to turn the
power over to him but she still held power behind the scenes.
In 1874, Emperor Tongzhi- (her son) - died. (Rumor has it the
Empress had her hand in his death). She chose another grandson of Emperor
Daoguang as the heir - Emperor Guangxu. Because she was the aunt of Emperor
Guangxu, she could continue ruling from behind the screen.
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Empress's Throne and the Screen Which Was
Placed in Front to Shield Her From Public View |
In 1889, Emperor Guangxu married. She announced that she would
relinquish her power and retire to live in the Summer
Palace. However, all the court officials still listened to her, leaving
Emperor Guangxu as a puppet Emperor.
In 1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War while Cixi was busy
preparing the celebration of her 60th birthday. What's worse, while the Chinese
navy fought fiercely with the Japanese, she strongly insisted on
appropriating the military fund to restore the Summer Palace, ignoring the
advice of chancellors.
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Creating Beautiful Designs on Ceramic Urns |
In 1895, the Qing Navy was defeated by the Japanese due to the compromise of Cixi.
Taiwan Island ceded.
In 1898, she launched a coup against Emperor Guangxu's Wu Hsu
Reform. After that, she executed the main reform party members and from then on
she put Emperor Guangxu under house arrest.
In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces captured capital
Beijing. She took Emperor Guangxu with her and fled to Xian. In September,
another humiliating treaty - Peace Treaty of1901 was signed.
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Hand Painted Urns for Sale |
On November 15th of 1908, the day after the death of Emperor Guangxu,
Empress Dowager Cixi died in the afternoon.
Yes,
she was the last flamboyant figure of China. Ruthless and opinionated,
prejudiced and I bet lonely. Power was her goal in life, maybe a misguided
life, who knows. The Summer Palace was her playground, where parties were held
and formal dinners given for dignitaries from around the world. What we see
today though, is just a replica of years gone by. The buildings had a strange
taste in color and décor for a Westerner like me. I visited, but I would not
want to live there, I can think of nicer places. The park is too big, also. I
would not need that much space to be alone.
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Hmmmm |